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![LEGEND:
Neck and leg rings of
both gold and bronze are
found in Africa and Eurasia
today [1 – 10] and from prehistoric
times [11 – 18]. Where did the tradition of
neck-stretching and decorative jewelry worn by
women practising this custom arise and spread? And did language, wheat & barley accompany the spread of this from Sub-Saharan Africa into Eurasia?
Let’s investigate this. In deciphering cunieform script, Rawlinson used the Saharan African language of the Manding and found relationships between
the two with Dravidian spoken in the Indian state of Orissa (5). This hints at a Neolithic African vector of people and culture into India. (See: Dr. Clyde
Winters: http://www.geocities.com/Tokyo/Bay/7051/elam2.htm).
Note the elongated African neck stretched with gold rings accompanied by a base neck plate and sometimes also very thick rings (1, 2, 9) and use of
leg rings (9). Note Burmese women with African features and other admixtures (3, 4, 5, 6) wearing the same ensemble; and women with “wholly” Asian
features (7, 8, 10) with that ensemble; and leg rings identical to the African (10). A combination of movement and borrowing? Neolithic culture and
language accompanied the spread of wheat and barley. I suggest that the reason for some combination in the form of decorative jewelry and stretched
necks seen here in Burma, Thailand, and India is due to the spread of these by a movement of people from Africa into the Indus Valley. Evaluate the
following: “Early Indus agriculture produced massive samples of seeds and grains which so far are identified as several varieties of wheat and barley ...
Here too, cattle, water buffalo, sheep, and goats are reported.” In: Bridgette and Raymond Allchin, The rise of civilization in India and Pakistan,
(Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1982), p. 154. The language, wheat, barley, and goats were in use in Sub-Saharan Neolithic African. I suggest
these people carried that and jewelry East.
COMMON JEWELRY IN AFRICAN AND EURASIAN NEOLITIC AND BRONZE AGE: In the 2nd millennium BC, phenotypically African dancing girls in
bronze [11, India] and gilted gold [18, Turkey] are virtually identical. Neck rings found today [1 – 10] are also found in the prehistoric phenotypically
African culture in the Sudan [12, 4500 BC] and the Indus Valley [13, 2600 BC]. The bronze and gold leg bands of today [9, 10] are also found in Anatolia
[18, 2000 BC]. And multiple ringed wrist bands of today [e.g. 4] are found prehistorically [18] 4000 years ago. African populations in ancient Europe had
bronze and gold bands found in many of today’s countries including Germany [14], Hungary [15], Slovakia [16], Bulgaria [17], and Turkey [18]. The paleo-
jewelry used throughout the ancient African world is still with us on Fashion Avenue today and worn by virtually every female either regularly or at some
time during her life. The propagation of this culture has provided countiess jobs, formed the cornerstone of industries, helps keep the economuy afloat,
and enables modern society to maintain a good feeling about itself as its members adorn themselves in beauty and attend to societal social functions.,art, art history, Paul Marc Washington, paleoneolithic@yahoo.com](05-10-leg.rings-001.jpg)