Following in quotations is primarily, now wholly, excerpts: SHANIDAR CAVE: “The Shanidar Cave site in Iraq is most famous for two of its skeletons called Shanidar I and Shanidar IV. The first adult Neanderthaler found in Shanidar Cave of Iraq was buried in the earth for at least 44,000 years … Of all the skeletons found at the cave, it is Shanidar IV above which provides the best evidence for Neanderthal burial ritual. The skeleton of an adult male aged between 30-45 years was discovered in 1960 … In two of the soil samples in particular, whole clumps of pollen were discovered … all of which have long-known curative powers as diuretics, stimulants, astringents as well as anti-inflammatory properties. This led to the idea that the man could possibly have had shamanic powers, perhaps acting as medicine man to the Shanidar Neandertals.” ETHNICITY: While popular imagination portrays Neanderthal as white as seen in the insert in the lower right hand side of the skull above, Homo Neanderthalis as seen above is clearly African in physical features with the full nose and mouth. JEWELRY: A necklace made by Neanderthal was found in the Arcy sur Cave in the Burgundy region of France which would one day see a plethora of Black Madonnas, Christs, disciples of Christ, and saints during the era of the Holy Roman Empire and extending into the early Middle Ages. The necklace is an ornament made from animal bone and teeth from 33,000 to 30,000 years ago. ..art, art history, Paul Marc Washington, paleoneolithic@yahoo.com

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