2.. Seafaring Africans in Greenland and the South Pacific ending up in California? Possible? Check it out. And more ... Preshistoric African Seafarers.

3.. From an astounding 800,000 ago, from Africa, watercraft are reported in the journal Science: Ann Gibbons, Ancient Island Tools Suggest Homo erectus Was a Seafarer, 279:5357, pp. 1635-1637, Issue of Science, 13 Mar 1998. The archeological record preserves a history of the dug-out canoe - at the beginning, just a log without tapered ends - i.e. sort-of a square-ended canoe. Archeologists give us dates starting around 6000 BC for specimen of this water craft found buried at sites in Drenthe in the Netherlands, Korea, England, Japan - and, of course, Africa, reported by scientists to be its home of the boat and boating. This web page shows some of the most ancient such vessels known to man. Many canoes from 6000 BC have been excavated.

4.. While dug-out canoes were humankinds first ships, the sewed-plank ships began appearing in North Africa and Egypt near 6500 BC and soon became worldwide - likely with African ship-builders and crews in the earliest millennium.

5.. Similarity between reed canoes in Africa and Bolivia: click.

6.. Vikings 1: In Saharan rock art is a boat etchings 9,000 years old. From Nubian-Egypt is a two-strand beaded head-band with innumerable perpendicular beaded strands between them. Both of these items are found in identical form in Scandinavia (and Northern Europe). Part 1 of this series, thus, looks at a prehistoric North-African-Egyptian people as the prehistoric Viking / Nordic / Scandinavian / Northern European populations until (primarily) the European Dark and Medieval Ages. In keeping with this conclusion, Mark Stoneking -- director of the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Germany -- states that the result of his institute's studies of skin pigmentation "probably suggest that early Eurasians were dark and evolved their light skin pigmentation separately with different genes contributing to the depigmentation of Caucasoids and Mongoloids." SEE: Mark Stoneking and co-authors, Human pigmentation genes in Africans, Europeans, and Chinese, September 21, 2006.

7.. Vikings 2: Used by African populations in the Mediterranean, and predating the influx of people from the Steppes making today's Nordic / Scandinavian population, is the so-called Viking bull-horn helmet or crown (4, 5) and the four-axel chariot (pics. 9, 10). Made by prehistoric populations in Africa are charcoal rim-burned red-and-black ware (pics. 22, 23); an African Viking Thor (the earliest Thor) in Scandinavia with balls of wooly hair had prototypes found in predynastic Egypt (pics. 6, 7). Part II of this series continues its looks at prehistoric Viking / Nordic / Scandinavian / Northern European populations as once wholly African. Africans formed the population of Scandinavia and the Vikings before European involvement.

8.. VIKINGS 3: Black Vikings of 8th century: click.